Author: Mark Virgil Lofranco

Does your Cebu business need an Audited Financial Statement (AFS)? Understand the SEC ₱3M threshold and avoid BIR penalties with CBOS. A frequent point of confusion for business owners in Cebu is the difference between SEC annual reporting requirements and BIR tax compliance rules. The SEC ₱3 Million AFS Exemption Threshold Under current SEC guidelines,…

Deciding between a One Person Corporation (OPC) and a regular stock corporation in Cebu? Compare liability, capitalization, and local tax impact. Cebu’s economy—driven by IT-BPM, tourism, retail, and real estate—has seen a surge in sole founders establishing One Person Corporations (OPCs) alongside traditional multi-member corporations. Direct Comparison for Cebu Entrepreneurs Feature One Person Corporation (OPC)…

Registering a business in Metro Cebu? Learn how to navigate SEC eSPARC, local BIR RDO mapping, and City Hall permits with CBOS Business Solutions. Starting a corporation in Metro Cebu—whether in Cebu City, Mandaue, Lapu-Lapu, or Talisay—requires navigating the SEC’s digital platforms alongside local government requirements. Top business registration providers in Cebu leverage the eSPARC…

Starting and operating a corporation in the Philippines was once associated with rigid ownership rules, multiple incorporators, limited corporate terms, paper-based submissions, and formal meetings that generally required physical attendance. Republic Act No. 11232, otherwise known as the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines, modernized that framework. It replaced the former Corporation Code under Batas…

A Business Owner’s Guide to the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines For nearly four decades, Philippine corporations were governed by Batas Pambansa Blg. 68, commonly known as the Corporation Code of the Philippines. Enacted in 1980, the old Code established the basic rules for incorporating, managing, financing, reorganizing, and dissolving Philippine corporations. As business…

The enactment of the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines, or Republic Act No. 11232, marked one of the most important reforms in Philippine corporate law. For decades, corporations operated under rules designed for a very different business environment. The former Corporation Code required multiple incorporators, generally imposed limited corporate terms, and relied heavily on…

The Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines, enacted through Republic Act No. 11232, modernized the legal framework governing Philippine corporations. It replaced the former Corporation Code under Batas Pambansa Blg. 68 and took effect on February 23, 2019. For entrepreneurs, directors, investors, and corporate officers, the law is more than a set of registration rules.…

Practical Strategies to Improve Tax Compliance and Prepare for the Next Taxable Year Year-end tax planning is often misunderstood as a search for last-minute ways to reduce taxes. In practice, effective tax planning is a broader process. It involves reviewing accounting records, validating tax positions, identifying available tax assets, correcting compliance errors, and preparing the…

Common Concerns About Filing Deadlines, Forms, Attachments, and Compliance Annual tax reporting is one of the most important compliance responsibilities of every registered business in the Philippines. It is also one of the most misunderstood. Business owners frequently ask whether they are required to file when there was no income, which Annual Income Tax Return…

Why Good Bookkeeping Makes Annual Tax Reporting Faster and Easier For many business owners, bookkeeping is treated as an administrative task that can be postponed until tax filing season. Transactions are recorded late, receipts are stored without proper classification, bank accounts remain unreconciled, and financial reports are prepared only when the Annual Income Tax Return…