Author: Mark Virgil Lofranco

Setting up a corporate entity in the Philippines requires registering with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) through the eSPARC (Electronic Simplified Processing of Application for Registration of Company) platform. While the initial portal is the same, the structural path varies significantly depending on whether your company is Domestic (Filipino-owned) or Foreign-Owned. Ownership and Equity…

Guide for foreign investors and BPOs registering an SEC company in Metro Cebu, including PEZA incentives and Mactan Economic Zone requirements. Metro Cebu is a premier hub for foreign direct investment, IT-BPM operations, and export manufacturing—particularly within Cebu IT Park, Cebu Business Park, and the Mactan Economic Zone (MEZ). Key SEC & Regulatory Requirements for…

Received your SEC Certificate of Incorporation in Cebu? Complete these 5 mandatory steps within 30 days to avoid heavy fines. Obtaining your SEC Certificate of Incorporation grants your company legal existence, but it does not permit commercial operations in Metro Cebu immediately. Plain Text SEC Certificate -> BIR Form 2303 (RDO 80-83) -> City Hall…

Does your Cebu business need an Audited Financial Statement (AFS)? Understand the SEC ₱3M threshold and avoid BIR penalties with CBOS. A frequent point of confusion for business owners in Cebu is the difference between SEC annual reporting requirements and BIR tax compliance rules. The SEC ₱3 Million AFS Exemption Threshold Under current SEC guidelines,…

Deciding between a One Person Corporation (OPC) and a regular stock corporation in Cebu? Compare liability, capitalization, and local tax impact. Cebu’s economy—driven by IT-BPM, tourism, retail, and real estate—has seen a surge in sole founders establishing One Person Corporations (OPCs) alongside traditional multi-member corporations. Direct Comparison for Cebu Entrepreneurs Feature One Person Corporation (OPC)…

Registering a business in Metro Cebu? Learn how to navigate SEC eSPARC, local BIR RDO mapping, and City Hall permits with CBOS Business Solutions. Starting a corporation in Metro Cebu—whether in Cebu City, Mandaue, Lapu-Lapu, or Talisay—requires navigating the SEC’s digital platforms alongside local government requirements. Top business registration providers in Cebu leverage the eSPARC…

Starting and operating a corporation in the Philippines was once associated with rigid ownership rules, multiple incorporators, limited corporate terms, paper-based submissions, and formal meetings that generally required physical attendance. Republic Act No. 11232, otherwise known as the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines, modernized that framework. It replaced the former Corporation Code under Batas…

A Business Owner’s Guide to the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines For nearly four decades, Philippine corporations were governed by Batas Pambansa Blg. 68, commonly known as the Corporation Code of the Philippines. Enacted in 1980, the old Code established the basic rules for incorporating, managing, financing, reorganizing, and dissolving Philippine corporations. As business…

The enactment of the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines, or Republic Act No. 11232, marked one of the most important reforms in Philippine corporate law. For decades, corporations operated under rules designed for a very different business environment. The former Corporation Code required multiple incorporators, generally imposed limited corporate terms, and relied heavily on…

The Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines, enacted through Republic Act No. 11232, modernized the legal framework governing Philippine corporations. It replaced the former Corporation Code under Batas Pambansa Blg. 68 and took effect on February 23, 2019. For entrepreneurs, directors, investors, and corporate officers, the law is more than a set of registration rules.…